feat: modulo integral de gestion (8 pilares) y limpieza de breadcrumbs redundantes

app/models/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from .user import User
 from .building import Building
 from .classroom import Classroom, ClassroomResource
 from .career import Career
+from .academic_term import AcademicTerm
 from .subject import Subject, Commission
 from .reservation import Reservation, ReservationStatus
 from .genetic_algorithm import GeneticAlgorithm, ReservationOptimizer
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ __all__ = [
     'Classroom', 
     'ClassroomResource',
     'Career',
+    'AcademicTerm',
     'Subject', 
     'Commission',
     'Reservation',

app/models/academic_term.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from app import db
+from datetime import datetime
+
+class AcademicTerm(db.Model):
+    """Modelo para Ciclos Lectivos y Períodos Académicos"""
+    __tablename__ = 'academic_terms'
+    
+    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
+    code = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)  # ej. 2026-2, 2026-1, 2025-2
+    name = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)  # ej. Ciclo Lectivo 2026 - 2º Cuatrimestre
+    year = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=2026, index=True)
+    period_type = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False, default='Segundo Cuatrimestre')  # Primer Cuatrimestre, Segundo Cuatrimestre, Anual, Verano
+    start_date = db.Column(db.Date, nullable=True)
+    end_date = db.Column(db.Date, nullable=True)
+    is_current = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False, nullable=False, index=True)
+    is_active = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True, nullable=False)
+    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    
+    def to_dict(self):
+        return {
+            'id': self.id,
+            'code': self.code,
+            'name': self.name,
+            'year': self.year,
+            'period_type': self.period_type,
+            'start_date': self.start_date.isoformat() if self.start_date else None,
+            'end_date': self.end_date.isoformat() if self.end_date else None,
+            'is_current': self.is_current,
+            'is_active': self.is_active,
+            'created_at': self.created_at.isoformat() if self.created_at else None
+        }
+        
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<AcademicTerm {self.code} - {self.name}>'